Showing posts with label Fine Gael. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Fine Gael. Show all posts

Monday, 23 February 2015

NEOLIBERAL SINN FEIN FINE GAEL COALITON PLANS


Neoliberalism is a deceptive modern term, used to hide the reality of deregulation and corporate fascism, introduced by secret state, mentored politcians, like Margaret Thatcher in Britain. Like much of the British left, I too was fooled by the Sinn Fein's reality of Neoliberalism. My first experience of this, was when they first participated, as a party, for the Assembly elections of 1982.

In my capacity as election agent for the South Down candidate Cyril Toman and as chairperson in Newry Sinn Fein, I attended the party's first election convention in the present troubles, with approximately 30 other representatives from  across the North, to decide on what would be the Party's manifesto for the election.

Being from an area with approximately 80% unemployment in Newry, which was also  reflected in other republican strongholds like Derry and West Belfast, I pushed hard for unemployment, to be one of the principal issues to be addressed, on the Party's Election Manifesto. I was shocked to learn, I had hardly any support on this issue. However, I persisted on this issue and to the annoyance of many, the convention voted to adopt unemployment, as one of it's principal issues. However lo and behold, when the Manifesto was published, the agreed issue was not included.

As an Election Agent, it was too late for me to do anything about it but this will give you an insight, into their right wing reality, as opposed to their left wing public image. I eventually resigned from the party, some years later, on this and other issues, when I realized, I could not bring about the changes, I worked for within the party. Believe me, from personal experience, Sinn Fein are as right wing as the Blueshirts of Fine Gael, and will be their natural Coalition partners, after the next election in the South. Watch how they walk not how they talk, in the examples below.

Sinn Fein are content to serve as junior partners in a right wing, dominated coalition at Stormont, which have agreed to austerity, reductions in public spending, privatisation, the PFI, and tax cuts for business, as proposed by David Cameron and Fine Gael, in what was dubbed by Martin McGuinness as the "remarkable" Stormont Agreement.

This has been the Sinn Féin progression, since it agreed to the "Northern Ireland Executive" in 1999 with the Democratic Unionist Party. This corporate fascism happened, under the cover of the contemporary deception, of what is called Neoliberalism, which is anything but Liberal in the traditional sense. It is a precise duplicate, of what is currently happening in the south of Ireland, under a Fine Gael (Blueshirt) led Government, Sinn Fein are in reality, ‘Stormont Thatcherism’.

Sinn Fein surrendered Irish working class unity, in the Bad Friday Agreement, by giving Unionists a veto, over Irish unification, which is de facto acceptance, of partition and British rule. Sinn Féin are only purporting verbal resistance, to the neoliberal policies, imposed on Occupied Ireland by the Tories of Westminster and have actually incorporated, Thatcherite deregulation, into party policy.

An example of this reality, Sinn Féin's control of the education brief, has established, drastic reductions for children with special needs, enforced major school closure programmes and adopted PFI, to replace school structures, particularly damaging rural and disadvantaged areas. Sinn Féin despite EU stipulations, have cut rates of corporate tax, so that all of the money, ends up in the pockets of the rich, from the British block grant, which will see the loss of £300 million, without any job created.

Sinn Féin members of the Social Development Committee, have also unanimously approved plans, to introduce workfare. Sinn Féin have further agreed, to the privatisation of water infrastructure and the public transport network, while supporting the DUP to facilitate local government privatisation.These are clearly, an extension of Thatcherite, neoliberal, policies  The paradox of Sinn Féin in the South, are pretensions of being to the left, for tactical, electoral reasons, only. Sinn Féin are in reality ,a neoliberal party, a modern term for the rebranding or sanitizing of the modern fascist corporate state.

To put all of this into context.The  reality of the Bad Friday Agreement, was that it was in effect, Sunningdale Mark II by deceptive, secret, means, with the same implications, as the enforcement of the Treaty signed in secret in 1921 and enforced in the South by the Blueshirts.
Provisional Sinn Fein are both in historical terms and economic terms, the natural Coalition partners of the Blueshirts, not the Irish Left, after the next election in the South and will enforce their mentored mandate, with the same ruthlessness, as the Blueshirts formerly did in the Irish Civil War, with the help of the British. It would appear, that this strategy was adopted since Sunningdale and both McGuinness and Adams, were key components of it, since.

brionOcleirigh



Greece: The Way Forward for Ireland?

February 21, 2015 "ICH" -The Greek government is in Brussels to discuss the full range of economic issues with its European partners, including budgets, debt and structural reforms. At issue is whether funds will be available to keep paying the bills, on policy terms that Greece can accept.

Two factors complicate this issue. The first is the past Memorandum, alongside a set of tight deadlines, created by the previous government in part to entrap the new one. The second is the European decision-making process, which gives great apparent weight to governments of small countries, many of whom are internally insecure. The easiest path for them is to insist on no changes; anything else amounts to self-rejection.

So far, the Greek achievement consists of stating raw truths in rooms full of self-serving illusions. This exposes contradictions, bringing on facile ripostes, easily rebutted. It also brings on threats and menacing gestures, intended to test resolve. The Greek government seems to have met that test.

It can now proceed to the next step.

The next step is to define carefully what may be accepted. As for reforms, as much as 70 percent of the previous memorandum is (and always has been) common ground. That which is not – fire-sale privatizations, destructive labor market liberalizations and the unreachable 4.5-percent target primary surplus – can be spelled out. Reasonable language to describe the process of discussion to follow may be found.

When this is done, the final decision will be up to Europe – and to Germany, above all. Will Berlin continue to squeeze, in order to pressure, and so risk bringing on a Greek collapse? If so, it will be better to know soon. But Europe may well decide, if not from pragmatism then from a larger strategic vision, that Greece cannot be allowed to fail. In that case, agreement may be reached and the revival of Greece may begin.


James K. Galbraith
James Galbraith is the author of “The End of Normal: The Great Crisis and the Future of Growth.”

Tuesday, 13 January 2015

THE LOONDERRY & SHANKILL BUTCHERS










You can fool all of the people some of the time, some of the people all of the time and almost all of the Irish, all of the time - Abraham Lincoln & Irish Blog



Martin McGuinness, like Gerry Adams is a religious zealot and a teetolaler. Unlike Gerry, whose father was well known, indeed infamous, we don't know who Martin's father was. Martin was an apprentice butcher. After the British massacre of Bloody Sunday on January 30th, 1972, a lot of young men from the south of Ireland, travelled up to Derry, to volunteer for the IRA. When they asked which IRA they were dealing with, Official or Provisional, the stock answer was, arragh, what does it matter. Martin Mcguinness was the person a lot of volunteers dealt with, when joining the IRA.


Under Martin's command, many atrocities happened, which were own goals, discredited the IRA and lost the considerbale support. Enniskillen and the Claudy massacres, are the best known examples, while later strapping drivers into lorries, carrying bombs to explode, brought further discredit to the IRA under McGuinness's orders. This man is the leader of British Sinn Fein today, in the loyalist parliament of Stormont. McGuinness, along with his enforcer Gerry Kelly, have both called on the Irish population, to join them as informers, to the British occupation in Ireland.


Prior to the death of the 10 hunger strikers in 1981, this writer was told by an IRA colleague and friend of Martin McGuinness, that a deal had already been done with the British, to end the armed struggle, in return for giving them a political platform instead. It naturally follows, that the subsequent 10 deaths, wer sacrifices made, which were simply used, to give British Sinn Fein, the initial electoral breakthrough, among the Irish working class, that led to them assuming power in the loyalist, Stormont junta of today and also on the threshold, of taking power in the south of Ireland, with British help.


The last time such an event happened in Ireland, was when the British helped the fascist Blueshirts, take power in the form of Fine Gael in the south, which led to the summary execution, without trial, of 77 of their former comrades in the IRA and a civil war that was particularly brutal. There is no reason to believe, that it will be any different on this occasion. It is simply a question, whether the will form a coalition with the fascists in the south and repeat history, by reintroducing internment without trial or execute working class activists along with their elected representatives or if they will be a little more subtle or underhand and undermine the present uprising from within, as they did the Civil Rights movement in the north.


They have already engaged in summary execution and along with their fellow political travellers, enforce draconian censorship in their corporate media, in both parts of Ireland. Along with their British agents and trolls, trawling platforms, such as Facebook, they ensure articles such as this, receive minimum exposure, complaining to moderators and Facebook, to prevent distribution. This is compounded by micro fascist groups, like astroturf 1916 societies and other British counter political groups engaged in fascist censorship, based on the bloody censorship of Charlie Hebdo with other counter gang activity. You can help defeat this by sharing this article and blog with your friends if you agree with it's contents.


Martin McGuinness
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Martin McGuinness
MLA
Deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland
Incumbent
Assumed office
8 May 2007
First MinisterIan Paisley
Peter Robinson
Preceded byMark Durkan
Minister of Education
In office
2 December 1999 – 14 October 2002
First MinisterDavid Trimble
Preceded byOffice created
Succeeded byCaitríona Ruane
Member of the Northern Ireland Assembly
for Mid Ulster
Incumbent
Assumed office
25 June 1998
Preceded byOffice Created
Member of Parliament
for Mid Ulster
In office
1 May 1997 – 2 January 2013
Preceded byWilliam McCrea
Succeeded byFrancie Molloy
Majority15,363 (37.6%)
Personal details
BornJames Martin Pacelli McGuinness
23 May 1950(age 64)
DerryNorthern Ireland
Political partySinn Féin
Spouse(s)Bernadette Canning
Children4
(2 sons/2 daughters)
ReligionRoman Catholicism
WebsiteOfficial website
Sinn Féin profile
James Martin Pacelli 

McGuinness(Irish: Séamus Máirtín Pacelli Mag Aonghusa;[1]born 23 May 1950) is an Irish republican Sinn Féin politicianwho has been thedeputy First Minister of Northern Irelandsince 2007.[2] He was also Sinn Féin's unsuccessful candidate forPresident of Ireland in the2011 election.[3][4][5]

A formerProvisional Irish Republican Army(IRA) leader, McGuinness was the MP for Mid Ulster from 1997until his resignation on 2 January 2013.[6][7]Like all Sinn Féin MPs, McGuinness practisedabstentionism in relation to theWestminster Parliament. Following the St Andrews Agreement and the Assembly election in 2007, he became deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland on 8 May 2007, with theDemocratic Unionist Party(DUP) leader Ian Paisley becoming First Minister. On 5 June 2008 he was re-appointed as deputy First Minister to serve alongside Peter Robinson, who succeeded Paisley as First Minister.[8] McGuinness previously served as Minister of Education in the Northern Ireland Executive between 1999 and 2002.



Contents [hide]
1 Provisional IRA activity
2 Chief negotiator and Minister of Education
3 St Andrews Agreement and deputy First Minister
4 2011 Irish presidential campaign
5 Resignation from the House of Commons
6 Personal life
7 See also
8 Further reading
9 References
10 External links


Provisional IRA activity[edit]

McGuinness has acknowledged that he is a former IRA member but claims that he left the IRA in 1974.[9] He originally joined the Official IRA, unaware of the split at the December 1969 Army Convention, switching to the Provisional IRA soon after. By the start of 1972, at the age of 21, he was second-in-command of the IRA in Derry, a position he held at the time of Bloody Sunday, when 13 civil rights protesters were killed in the city by soldiers of the 1st Battalion, Parachute Regiment.[10][11]

During the Saville Inquiry into the events of that day, Paddy Ward claimed to have been the leader of the Fianna, the youth wing of the IRA at the time of Bloody Sunday. He claimed that McGuinness and another anonymous IRA member gave him bomb parts that morning. He said that his organisation intended to attack city centre premises in Derry on the same day. In response, McGuinness said the claims were "fantasy", whileGerry O’Hara, a Derry Sinn Féin councillor, stated that he and not Ward was the Fianna leader at the time.[12]

The inquiry concluded that, although McGuinness was "engaged in paramilitary activity" at the time of Bloody Sunday and had probably been armed with a Thompson submachine gun, there was insufficient evidence to make any finding other than they were "sure that he did not engage in any activity that provided any of the soldiers with any justification for opening fire".[13]

McGuinness negotiated alongside Gerry Adamswith the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland,Willie Whitelaw, in 1972.

In 1973, he was convicted by the Republic of Ireland's Special Criminal Court, after being arrested near a car containing 250 pounds (110 kg) of explosives and nearly 5,000 rounds of ammunition. He refused to recognise the court, and was sentenced to six months imprisonment. In court, he declared his membership of the Provisional IRA without equivocation: 'We have fought against the killing of our people... I am a member of Óglaigh na hÉireann and very, very proud of it'.[14]

After his release, and another conviction in the Republic for IRA membership, he became increasingly prominent in Sinn Féin, the political wing of the republican movement. He was in indirect contact with British intelligence during the hunger strikes in the early 1980s, and again in the early 1990s.[15] He was elected to theNorthern Ireland Assembly at Stormont in 1982, representing Londonderry. He was the second candidate elected after John Hume. As with all elected members of Sinn Féin and the SDLP, he did not take up his seat.[16] On 9 December 1982, McGuinness, Gerry Adams and Danny Morrisonwere banned from entering Great Britain under the Prevention of Terrorism Act by William Whitelaw, by then Home Secretary.[17]

In August 1993, he was the subject of a two-part special by The Cook Report, a Central TVinvestigative documentary series presented byRoger Cook. It accused him of continuing involvement in IRA activity, of attending an interrogation and of encouraging Frank Hegarty, an informer, to return to Derry from a safe house in England. Hegarty's mother Rose appeared on the programme to tell of telephone calls to McGuinness and of Hegarty's subsequent murder. McGuinness denied her account and denounced the programme saying "I have never been in the IRA. I don't have any sway over the IRA".[18]

In 2005, Michael McDowell, the Irish Tánaiste, claimed McGuinness, along with Gerry Adams andMartin Ferris, were members of the seven-manIRA Army Council.[19] McGuinness denied the claims, saying he was no longer an IRA member. Experienced "Troubles" journalist Peter Taylorpresented further apparent evidence of McGuinness's role in the IRA in his documentaryAge of Terror, shown in April 2008.[20] In his documentary, Taylor alleges that McGuinness was the head of the IRA's Northern Command and had advance knowledge of the IRA's 1987 Enniskillen bombing, which left 11 civilians dead.
Chief negotiator and Minister of Education[edit]

He became Sinn Féin's chief negotiator in the time leading to the Good Friday Agreement. He was elected to the Northern Ireland Forum in 1996 representing Foyle. Having contested Foyle unsuccessfully at the 1983, 1987 and 1992 Westminster elections,[citation needed] he became MP for Mid Ulster in 1997 and after the Agreement was concluded, was returned as a member of the Assembly for the same constituency, and nominated by his party for a ministerial position in the power-sharingexecutive, where he became Minister of Education. One of his controversial acts as Minister of Education was his decision to scrap the 11-plus exam, which he himself had failed as a schoolchild.[21] He was re-elected to the Westminster Parliament in 2001, 2005 and 2010.

In May 2003, transcripts of telephone calls between McGuinness and British officials includingMo Mowlam, the then Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, and Jonathan Powell, Tony Blair's Chief of Staff, were published in a biography of McGuinness entitled From Guns to Government. The tapes had been made by MI5and the authors of the book were arrested under the Official Secrets Act. The conversations showed an easy and friendly relationship between McGuinness and Powell. He joked with Powell about Unionist MPs while Mowlam referred to him as "babe" and discussed her difficulties with Blair. In another transcript, he praised Bill Clinton to Gerry Adams.[22]


Lenny Murphy

Thursday, 4 December 2014

THE ANGLO IRISH JUDAS KISS



Songs sung by songwriter Dominic Behan, brother of author Brendan Behan.


The Tory Bluenose is the work of generations of the British class system. The civil rights movement in Ireland didn't become mediagenic until the 1960s. Women only gained a modest degree of physical autonomy in the 70s. Neither of those were slumbering before that. The two paranoid, bluenose, bigoted Anglo Irish security states, are embellished with a further layer of mentored Orange Order sectarianism, coupled with Fascist Blueshirts in the south, being still the norm of governance in John Bull's other island. All Blueshirt Bluenose male dominated pyramid hierarchies tend in that direction.


A traditional Tory Bluenose started each day by eating a poor person for breakfast, served to him by a stable of butlers and attendants. Before his round of morning polo (in which the head of a homeless man was used for a ball), an the Irish Tory Bluenose (including our Orange Order brethren) spends half an hour, in the Blueshirt, Blue Nose family room, where he and his father, reaffirm their ancestral connection to blue-blooded British types, who either owned slaves or coveted them.


If you are worried that Blueshirts might try and bring back slavery in Ireland, we will do absolutely nothing to allay your fears. A Blueshirt from Irish Water, recently paid an exorbitant sum, for a colon operation, that made his gas smell like daisies. When asked a difficult question by an Irish Water shareholder, as a diversion, he will break wind and ask, "My gosh. Do you smell daisies?" Its a typical case of the stiff upper nose, as opposed to the the former British stiff upper lip.


The Devil's Dictionary Pronouces - NOSE, n. The extreme outpost of the face. Getius, whose writings antedate the age of humor, calls the Fine Gael blueshirt nose, the British organ of quell in Ireland. It has been observed that Fine Gael Blueshirt noses, are never so happy, as when thrust into the affairs of public amenities, like health care or public water, from which some physiologists, have drawn the inference, that the Blueshirt nose is devoid of any natural human sense of smell, other than the smell of blood, cultivated over many generations, since they were first blooded with cruel intent, and smeared with the fox blood of Anglo Irish hunts, as young children, at the their first traditional Blueshirt, Bluenose, Irish foxhunt.

There's a Blueshirt with a Nose,
And wherever he goes
The people run from him and shout:
"No cotton have we
For our ears if so be
As Enda blows his interminous snout!"

So the lawyers applied
For injunction. "Denied,"
Said the Judge: "the defendant prefixion,
Whate'er it portend,
Appears to transcend
The bounds of this court's jurisdiction."


Below is and article from the Irish Times, concerning a previous Irish Blueshirt Prime Minster, of the same Blueshirt Party as present Prime Minister, Enda Kenny.








Former taoiseach John Bruton criticised for comments about Easter Rising

Ex-Fine Gael leader failed to take account of the context of Rising, commemoration told

Former taoiseach John Bruton:  the Kilmichael Ambush Commemoration  was told at the weekend that  his  comments about the Easter Rising and the War of Independence marked the most extreme articulation of a particular view of Irish history. Photograph: Aidan Crawley



Former taoiseach John Bruton: the Kilmichael Ambush Commemoration was told at the weekend that his comments about the Easter Rising and the War of Independence marked the most extreme articulation of a particular view of Irish history. Photograph: Aidan Crawley


Barry Roche



First published:Mon, Dec 1, 2014, 01:00

Former Taoiseach, John Bruton has been accused of failing to recognise the context in which the 1916 Easter Rising took place when he said the rebellion was not justified and Ireland could have achieved freedom through the Home Rule Bill.


Historian and pamphleteer Jack Lane told the annual Kilmichael Ambush Commemoration in west Cork at the weekend that Mr Bruton’s comments about the Easter Rising and the War of Independence marked the most extreme articulation of a particular view of Irish history.


“It is mind-boggling to hear an ex-taoiseach condemn the founding fathers of this state of which he was a leader. Can you imagine a US president denouncing George Washington for their War of Independence or a French president denouncing the French Revolution?


“It is unimaginable and there was a lot more war and bloodshed in establishing these and other states than was the case here where overwhelming popular support for independence minimised the bloodshed,” he told the crowd of about 800 people who gathered at the ambush site.


The annual commemoration marks the victory by Tom Barry and members of the Flying Column of the West Cork Brigade of the IRA over a contingent of Auxilaries from Macroom in the War of Independence


Mr Lane of the Aubane Historical Society said that when Mr Bruton feels the need to claim that Easter 1916 and the War of Independence were misguided and seeks to promote that view, then it is necessary to examine very closely the merits of his arguments.


Mr Bruton had argued that Volunteers of 1916 should have trusted in the Home Rule Bill as it was on the statute and would have evolved into a republic and that there was therefore no need for war and bloodshed, he said.


However this view ignored the fact that the Home Rule Bill was immediately suspended and that volunteers of 1916 had for a period trusted in the Home Rule Bill as evidenced by Padraig Pearse sharing a platform with John Redmond in support of Home Rule in 1912.


However Pearse and others had changed their minds when they witnessed a very real rebellion against the British government’s plan for Home Rule when Tories and unionists “organised themselves to set up an alternative provisional government to prevent Home Rule” in 1912.


An illegal army, the Ulster Volunteer Force, was set up and arms were imported which led to the establishment of the Irish Volunteers “to support the government in implementing Home Rule – to assist in implementing the law not to break it as the UVF were planning to do.”


The British army supported this unionist rebellion with the Curragh Mutiny of 1914 when officers refused to enforce the law on Home Rule and the British government allowed all this to happen and conceded all along the line, he said.


Mr Lane said critics of the Easter Rising say that the organisers had no mandate but the same point could be made about the British government, as it failed to hold an election as it should have done in 1915 and instead did a deal to invite Tories and unionists into government.


“The unionists had their own army, with plenty arms, they had British army support and now they were in government. They had won and it was absolutely clear that Home Rule or any form of Irish independence was off the agenda,” Mr Lane added.


“There was no two ways about it. If that government had its way, we would still be waiting for Home Rule. It was already suspended on the day it was passed on 18th September 1914 and that is where it would remain.”


It is true that those who organised the Easter Rising had no mandate but neither had the British government nor had the unionists for their rebellion other than what they gave themselves. “There were no mandates all around,” he said.


Similarly, Redmond committed the Irish Parliamentary Party to a British war on Germany and Turkey without an electoral mandate as he never put to the Irish electorate that he would take Ireland into an imperial war if the empire gave him Home Rule.


“The Irish Volunteers decided that a rebellion was the only way to get the government to respond to what had been proved by the success of the Unionists and this is the political and moral case for the 1916 rebellion,” he said.


Unfortunately, this narrative had been twisted and was not articulated in either academia, the media or by mainstream politicians, which is why commemorations such as Kilmichael offered a valuable opportunity “to put the record straight about 1916 and the War of Independence”.



Monday, 1 December 2014

CORPORATE BLUESHIRT FASCISM IRELAND Right2Water




The Nazi's first concentration camp was filled with social democrats, socialists, trade unionists while smashing democratic discourse among the people. It is also true that Fascism, in all its forms, attacks science and intellectual life, espousing ignorance and superstition, to obfuscate its political reactionary nature. Fascist Censorship in all it's guises, still governs the superficial public, discourse, of the Irish people of no property, to the point that it is accepted as the norm, even among their own.

The early twentieth century Italians, invented the word fascism. They also had a more descriptive term for the it ;estato corporativo or the corporatist state. As a result of its history in Germany and Spain, we have come to equate fascism with its symptoms, not with it's structure. The structure of fascism is corporatism, or the corporate state. The structure of fascism is the union, marriage, merger or fusion of corporate economic power with governmental power. Failing to understand fascism properly, as the consolidation of corporate economic and governmental power in the hands of a few, is to completely misunderstand what fascism is. The consolidation of this power, produces the demagogues and regimes we understand to be fascist.

The suppression and corruption of genuine organized Labour, is critical for corporations, who are the most important check on corporate power, other than authentic government, with a legal system, that prioritizes a nation's citizens, ahead of corporate lobbyists. This is not the case in any part of Ireland.
In both Orange and Green states In Ireland, the supremacy of the military state, is underpinned with extra judicial powers, military style courts, without juries are necessary, not to protect people but to protect corporate profits, with threats from abroad.

Cronyism and governmental corruption is the norm in Ireland, with ex-corporate employees running state agencies and creating legislation that are the norm in Ireland, which replace legislation, that is supposed to regulate or check corporate power. Controlling the media for Corporate propaganda, is also standard in both parts of Ireland.All of these characteristics have an obvious corporate component and produce obvious corporate benefit, which is on full display in Ireland currently, in the water protests.


People in Ireland, are starting to resist the Blueshirt State of Fine Gael, with their peaceful protests of waving signs and chanting slogans, but the overreaction of the Blueshirt state, to the oppressed plain people of Ireland, is leading to even more resistance. Eventually Irish commerce will shut down from the extreme Blueshirt measures. The money still being blown by Leinster House, will speed the bankruptcy of Ireland again. Older Irish people may disagree but the young people of Ireland,will have to live through the consequence of this horror for generations to come, if the Blueshirts remain in power, creating further revolt and suffering, as they did previously in Ireland's horrific history.



Fascism Anyone?

Fascism’s principles are alive in all parts of Ireland today, masquerading as something else, preventing real democracy and the self determination of Ireland's communities. The article below by Laurence W. Britt, is placed in a an Irish context Ireland continues to fail to learn from history, or draws the wrong conclusions. Sadly, historical amnesia is the norm in Ireland and elsewhere.

We are three generations removed from the horrors of Nazi Germany, although constant reminders jog the consciousness. German and Italian fascism form the historical models that define this twisted political worldview. Although they no longer exist, this worldview and the characteristics of these models have been imitated by protofascist1 regimes at various times in the twentieth century. Both the original German and Italian models and the later protofascist regimes show remarkably similar characteristics. Although many scholars question any direct connection among these regimes, few can dispute their visual similarities.

Beyond the visual, even a cursory study of these fascist and protofascist regimes reveals the absolutely striking convergence of their modus operandi. This, of course, is not a revelation to the informed political observer, but it is sometimes useful in the interests of perspective to restate obvious facts and in so doing shed needed light on current circumstances.

For the purpose of an Irish perspective, we will consider the following regimes: Fine Gael (Blueshirts) Ireland, Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, Franco’s Spain, Salazar’s Portugal, Papadopoulos’s Greece, Pinochet’s Chile, and Suharto’s Indonesia. To be sure, they constitute a mixed bag of national identities, cultures, developmental levels, and history. But they all followed the fascist or protofascist model in obtaining, expanding, and maintaining power. Further, all these regimes have been overthrown, so a more or less complete picture of their basic characteristics and abuses is possible.

Analysis of these seven regimes reveals fourteen common threads that link them in recognizable patterns of national behavior and abuse of power. These basic characteristics are more prevalent and intense in some regimes than in others, but they all share at least some level of similarity.

1. 
Merger of Corporate Power and State Power. Although the personal life of ordinary citizens was under strict control, the ability of large corporations to operate in relative freedom was not compromised. The ruling elite saw the corporate structure as a way to not only ensure military production (in developed states), but also as an additional means of social control. Members of the economic elite were often pampered by the political elite to ensure a continued mutuality of interests, especially in the repression of “have-not” citizens.

2. Disdain for the importance of human rights. The regimes themselves viewed human rights as of little value and a hindrance to realizing the objectives of the ruling elite. Through clever use of propaganda, the population was brought to accept these human rights abuses by marginalizing, even demonizing, those being targeted. When abuse was egregious, the tactic was to use secrecy, denial, and disinformation.

3. Identification of enemies/scapegoats as a unifying cause. The most significant common thread among these regimes was the use of scapegoating as a means to divert the people’s attention from other problems, to shift blame for failures, and to channel frustration in controlled directions. The methods of choice—relentless propaganda and disinformation—were usually effective. Often the regimes would incite “spontaneous” acts against the target scapegoats, usually communists, socialists, liberals, Jews, ethnic and racial minorities, traditional national enemies, members of other religions, secularists, homosexuals, and“terrorists.” Active opponents of these regimes were inevitably labeled as terrorists and dealt with accordingly.

4. The supremacy of the military/avid militarism. Ruling elites always identified closely with the military and the industrial infrastructure that supported it. A disproportionate share of national resources was allocated to the military, even when domestic needs were acute. The military was seen as an expression of nationalism, and was used whenever possible to assert national goals, intimidate other nations, and increase the power and prestige of the ruling elite.

5. Rampant sexism. Beyond the simple fact that the political elite and the national culture were male-dominated, these regimes inevitably viewed women as second-class citizens. They were adamantly anti-abortion and also homophobic. These attitudes were usually codified in Draconian laws that enjoyed strong support by the orthodox religion of the country, thus lending the regime cover for its abuses.

6. A controlled mass media. Under some of the regimes, the mass media were under strict direct control and could be relied upon never to stray from the party line. Other regimes exercised more subtle power to ensure media orthodoxy. Methods included the control of licensing and access to resources, economic pressure, appeals to patriotism, and implied threats. The leaders of the mass media were often politically compatible with the power elite. The result was usually success in keeping the general public unaware of the regimes’ excesses.

7. Obsession with national security. Inevitably, a national security apparatus was under direct control of the ruling elite. It was usually an instrument of oppression, operating in secret and beyond any constraints. Its actions were justified under the rubric of protecting “national security,” and questioning its activities was portrayed as unpatriotic or even treasonous.

8. Religion and ruling elite tied together. Unlike communist regimes, the fascist and protofascist regimes were never proclaimed as godless by their opponents. In fact, most of the regimes attached themselves to the predominant religion of the country and chose to portray themselves as militant defenders of that religion. The fact that the ruling elite’s behavior was incompatible with the precepts of the religion was generally swept under the rug. Propaganda kept up the illusion that the ruling elites were defenders of the faith and opponents of the “godless.” A perception was manufactured that opposing the power elite was tantamount to an attack on religion.

9. 
Powerful and continuing expressions of Nationalism as opposed to Self Determination of the island of Ireland. From the prominent displays of flags and bunting to the ubiquitous lapel pins, the fervor to show patriotic nationalism, both on the part of the regime itself and of citizens caught up in its frenzy, was always obvious. Catchy slogans, pride in the military, and demands for unity were common themes in expressing this nationalism. It was usually coupled with a suspicion of things foreign that often bordered on xenophobia.

10. Power of labour suppressed or eliminated. Since organized labor was seen as the one power center that could challenge the political hegemony of the ruling elite and its corporate allies, it was inevitably crushed or made powerless. The poor formed an underclass, viewed with suspicion or outright contempt. Under some regimes, being poor was considered akin to a vice.

11. Disdain and suppression of intellectuals and the arts. Intellectuals and the inherent freedom of ideas and expression associated with them were anathema to these regimes. Intellectual and academic freedom were considered subversive to national security and the patriotic ideal. Universities were tightly controlled; politically unreliable faculty harassed or eliminated. Unorthodox ideas or expressions of dissent were strongly attacked, silenced, or crushed. To these regimes, art and literature should serve the national interest or they had no right to exist.

12. Obsession with crime and punishment. Most of these regimes maintained Draconian systems of criminal justice with huge prison populations. The police were often glorified and had almost unchecked power, leading to rampant abuse. “Normal” and political crime were often merged into trumped-up criminal charges and sometimes used against political opponents of the regime. Fear, and hatred, of criminals or “traitors” was often promoted among the population as an excuse for more police power.

13. Rampant cronyism and corruption. Those in business circles and close to the power elite often used their position to enrich themselves. This corruption worked both ways; the power elite would receive financial gifts and property from the economic elite, who in turn would gain the benefit of government favoritism. Members of the power elite were in a position to obtain vast wealth from other sources as well: for example, by stealing national resources. With the national security apparatus under control and the media muzzled, this corruption was largely unconstrained and not well understood by the general population.

14. Fraudulent elections. Elections in the form of plebiscites or public opinion polls were usually bogus. When actual elections with candidates were held, they would usually be perverted by the power elite to get the desired result. Common methods included maintaining control of the election machinery, intimidating an disenfranchising opposition voters, destroying or disallowing legal votes, and, as a last resort, turning to a judiciary beholden to the power elite.